Chemical Bonding

Name ___________________________ Class ___________________ Date _____________




Multiple Choice


Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on

the line provided.

1. Typically, atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve

a. an exchange of energy.

b. ionization.

c. a stable electron configuration.

d. vaporization.

2. In an electron dot diagram, the symbol for an element is


used to represent

a. the nucleus.

b. the nucleus and all electrons.

c. the nucleus and valence electrons.

d. the nucleus and all nonvalence electrons.

3. Study the electron dot diagrams


for lithium, carbon, fluorine,


and neon in Figure 6-1. Choose


the statement that correctly


identifies the most stable of


the elements.

a. Lithium is the most stable element because it has to lose

only one electron to achieve a stable configuration.

b. Carbon is the most stable element because it can form

four bonds.

c. Fluorine is the most stable element because it has to gain

only one electron to achieve a stable configuration.

d. Neon is the most stable element because its highest

occupied energy level is filled.

4. In the compound MgCl2, the subscript 2 indicates that

a. there are two magnesium ions for each ion of chlorine.

b. the chloride ion is twice the size of the magnesium ion.

c. magnesium and chlorine form a double covalent bond.

d. there are two chloride ions for each magnesium ion.

5. Which of the following is a typical property of


an ionic compound?

a. low melting point

b. poor conductor of electric current when melted

c. tendency to shatter when struck

d. all of the above

6. Which of the following compounds does NOT contain


molecules?

a. H2 b. NaCl

c. CO2 d. H2O

7. You see a structural formula in which the symbols for


elements are connected by a long dash. You can assume that


the chemical bonds in the compound are

a. ionic. b. covalent.

c. metallic. d. unstable.

8. The water molecule H2O is polar because it contains two


polar single bonds and

a. its molecule has a linear shape.

b. molecules that contain polar bonds are always polar.

c. its molecule has a bent shape.

d. the attractions between water molecules are strong.

9. Water has a higher boiling point than expected because

a. there is so much water vapor in the atmosphere.

b. water molecules are not very massive.

c. hydrogen and oxygen form single covalent bonds.

d. of the strong attractions between polar water molecules.

10. The elements most likely to form more than one type of ion


are the

a. transition metals. b. alkali metals.

c. halogens. d. alkaline earth metals.

11. Which of the following statements about ions is true?

a. All metals form more than one type of ion.

b. Many transition metals can form more than

one type of ion.

c. Halogens form more than one type of ion.

d. Alkali metals form more than one type of ion.

12. In the name carbon dioxide, the prefix of the second word


indicates that a molecule of carbon dioxide contains

a. two carbon atoms. b. two oxygen atoms.

c. a polyatomic ion. d. an ionic bond.

13. Which phrase best describes a metallic bond?

a. a bond that is formed by a metal

b. the attraction between a metal anion and a shared pool

of electrons

c. a bond that forms between a metal and a nonmetal

d. the attraction between a metal cation and a shared pool

of electrons

14. Which statement about metals is true?

a. A metal lattice is extremely rigid.

b. The bonds within a metal lattice are weak.

c. Electrons in a metal lattice are free to move.

d. Generally, metals have a low melting point.

15. An alloy that contains mainly copper and tin is

a. sterling silver. b. stainless steel.

c. brass. d. bronze.

Completion

Complete each statement on the line provided.

1. In an electron dot diagram, each dot represents a(an)

.

2. In an ionic compound, the attractions between cations and

hold the compound together.

3. The chemical formula for calcium chloride, CaCl2, shows that the

compound contains two ions for every

ion.

4. The ions in solid sodium chloride are arranged in a structure

called a(an) lattice.

5. A polar covalent bond forms when are not

shared equally between atoms.

6. A(An) ion is a covalently bonded group of

atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

7. In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the cations and

anions must be .

8. The metallic bonds in a transition metal, such as tungsten, are

stronger than the metallic bonds in a(an)

metal, such as sodium.

9. In a metal lattice, are surrounded by a pool

of shared electrons.

10. In its simplest form, the alloy brass consists of zinc and

.

Short Answer

Use complete sentences to write the answers to the questions on

the lines provided.

1. In a periodic table that included electron dot diagrams, in which

column would the diagrams contain more dots—Group 2A (the

alkaline metals) or Group 7A (the halogens)?

2. In an electron dot diagram of rubidium, there is one dot. In an

electron dot diagram of silicon, there are four dots. Which element

would you expect to be more reactive?


3. Potassium, an alkali metal, and bromine, a halogen, are both in

Period 4 of the periodic table. Which element has a higher

ionization energy? Explain your answer.

4. Which material is most likely to shatter if you strike it with a

hammer—sodium chloride or bronze?

5. Mixing magnesium and aluminum together produces an excellent

lightweight material from which to make airplane parts. What is

this type of mixture called?

Using Science Skills

Use the table to answer each question. Write the answers on a separate sheet

of paper.

Figure 6-2

1. Using Tables and GraphsWrite a description to place in box (2)

in Figure 6-2.

2. Using Tables and Graphs What compound name belongs in

box (1) in Figure 6-2?

3. Classifying What type of bond belongs in box (3) in Figure 6-2?

4. Classifying What type of bond belongs in box (4) in Figure 6-2?

5. Comparing and Contrasting How are metallic bonds and ionic

bonds similar? How are they different? Use Figure 6-2 to answer

these questions.

Chemical Type of

Formula Name Bond Description of Bond

NaCl (1) ionic (2)

CO2 carbon dioxide (3) Atoms share pairs of valence electrons.

W tungsten (4) Metal cations are attracted to the shared

electrons that surround them.